Vocabulario del Maya Clásico

El diccionario de Maya Glyphs reúne más de 300 palabras del Ch'olti'an, la variedad del maya clásico usada en inscripciones del período 250–900 d.C. El corpus abarca 16 campos semánticos: títulos y rangos políticos, verbos rituales, sustantivos, adjetivos y colores, términos astronómicos, arquitectónicos, de parentesco, flora y fauna, entre otros. Cada entrada incluye la forma maya transliterada, su equivalente en español e inglés, y — donde está documentado — etimología, cognados modernos y referencias a inscripciones reales donde aparece el término. Las entradas numéricas se presentan con la notación de puntos y barras del sistema vigesimal maya. La fuente principal es el Dictionary of Maya Hieroglyphs de Montgomery (2002), complementado con el Text Database and Dictionary of Classic Mayan de la Universidad de Bonn (Prager et al.) y el catálogo de glifos de FAMSI (Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies).

Diccionario Maya

Vocabulario del maya clásico (Ch'olti'an)

ajaw
ajaw→señor, gobernante(lord, ruler)
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Proto-Ch'olano *ajaw; widespread across all Classic Maya inscriptions

kiche: ajawyucatec: ajawtzotzil: ajval
k'uhul ajaw
k'uhul ajaw→señor divino(holy lord)
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Compound of k'uhul (sacred/divine) + ajaw (lord); first attested in early Classic period

yucatec: k'uhul ajaw
kaloomte'
kaloomte'→emperador, supremo señor(high king, emperor)
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Possibly from *kalom 'tree' + te' 'wood/tree'; exact etymology debated (Stuart 2000)

b'aah kab'→cabeza de la tierra(head of the earth)
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Compound: b'aah (head/first) + kab' (earth/land); honorific indicating primacy within a polity

sajal
sajal→subordinado, gobernador provincial(subordinate lord)
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Derivation uncertain; title of secondary lords subordinate to an ajaw

yajaw k'ahk'→señor del fuego(lord of fire (war captain))
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Compound: y-ajaw (his lord) + k'ahk' (fire); military title, possibly commander of fire-drill warfare rituals

ch'ok
ch'ok→joven, príncipe(youth, young prince)
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Proto-Ch'olano *ch'ok 'youth, sprout'; metaphor of plant sprout for heir

yucatec: ch'oktzotzil: ch'ok
ix
ix→señora, mujer(lady, woman)
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Proto-Mayan *ix 'woman, female'; gender marker prefixed to names and titles

kiche: ixyucatec: ixtzotzil: antz
ixik→señora noble(noble lady)
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Derived from ix (woman) + -ik nominal suffix; denotes noble or royal women

yucatec: ixik
b'aahkab'→primer hombre de la tierra(first of the land)
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Compound: b'aah (head/first) + kab' (earth/land); variant of b'aah kab', used interchangeably

ti' sak huun
ti' sak huun→portador de la banda blanca(bearer of the white headband)
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ti' (at/mouth) + sak (white) + huun (paper/headband); refers to the white paper headband worn by heirs apparent

ah k'in→sacerdote solar(sun priest)
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ah (agent prefix) + k'in (sun/day); literally 'he of the sun/day', priestly title

yucatec: ah k'in
itz'aat→sabio, artista, escriba(sage, artist, scribe)
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From itz' (resin, precious thing) + -aat suffix; one who deals in precious/sacred knowledge

k'inich→rostro solar, resplandeciente(sun-faced, radiant (royal epithet))
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Compound: k'in (sun) + ich (eye/face); 'sun-eyed' or 'radiant'; prefixed to royal names to denote solar divinity

yucatec: k'inich
ix kaloomte'
ix kaloomte'→kaloomte' femenina, emperatriz(female kaloomte', empress)
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Compound: ix (female prefix) + kaloomte' (supreme lord); highest female military-political title in Classic Maya epigraphy

yajaw te'→señor del árbol(lord of the tree)
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Compound: y-ajaw (his lord) + te' (tree/wood); title of a subordinate lord, possibly a forest or regional governor

aj tz'ihb'
aj tz'ihb'→el escriba(the scribe)
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Compound: aj (agent prefix) + tz'ihb' (to write/paint); 'he who writes'; title for royal scribes and painters

yucatec: ah tz'iib'
aj k'in
aj k'in→sacerdote del sol, guardián del calendario(daykeeper, sun priest)
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Compound: aj (agent prefix) + k'in (sun/day); 'he of the sun/day'; priestly title for calendar specialists

yucatec: ah k'in
ux yop huun→banda de tres hojas(three-leaf headband)
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Compound: ux (three) + yop (leaf) + huun (headband/paper); the three-leaf headband worn by rulers in Period Ending contexts

k'ahk' ti' ch'ok
k'ahk' ti' ch'ok→joven de boca de fuego(fire-mouthed youth)
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Compound: k'ahk' (fire) + ti' (mouth) + ch'ok (youth); epithet for royal heirs engaged in warfare or fire rituals